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Thursday, 31 December 2020

The hydrogen bond - meaning and examples

By Andrew Joseph     December 31, 2020     Chemistry     No comments   

 

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic force of attracted formed when a hydrogen atom is bonded covalently with a strongly electronegative atom such as chlorine or oxygen.

When hydrogen atom is bonded to an electronegative atom such as fluorine, oxygen or chlorine, its electron is attracted towards the electronegative atom, leaving the hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge; while the electronegative atom acquires a partial negative charge. This result in a slight polarity of the covalent bond between the hydrogen atom and the electronegative atom such that adjacent molecules tend to associate themselves in pairs, with the hydrogen atom acting as a bridge between those two atoms. The bridging bond between the hydrogen atom and the molecules, often represented by a dotted line, is called hydrogen bond. 

When the hydrogen bonds occur between two different molecules, they are called intermolecular hydrogen bond. When the hydrogen bond occur within the same molecule, they are called intramolecular hydrogen bonds.

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