What is superconductivity

Superconductivity is a phenomenon that explains the ability of some materials to conduct electricity with ideally zero resistance, zero energy loss, and zero magnetic fields, when cooled to critically low temperatures. This fundamental property of some materials was discovered by a Dutch scientist named Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911, when he succeeded in cooling Mercury to 4.19 degrees Kelvin and discovered that the instrument suddenly measured zero resistivity. 

Purpose of superconductivity

One of the major problems facing a non-ideal system is "energy losses". It can come in form of heat, sound, or even as a light wave. No matter how it transmitted, it definitely an unacceptable and unavailable situation. Particularly in the field of electricity, non-ideal conductors 

Scientists however has been making deep advancement into developing an ideal or close to an ideal conductor with zero energy loss.